Arthritis is one of the most common causes of pain and mobility issues in dogs. In fact, it's estimated that more than 40% of dogs¹ suffer from the condition. But what exactly is arthritis, and how can you tell if your dog has it?

What Is Dog Arthritis?

Arthritis, or osteoarthritis, is a progressive and painful joint condition. Think of it as wear and tear that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Over time, the protective cartilage in the joints wears away, leading to bone damage. While age plays a role, even young dogs can be affected in certain situations.

What Are the Signs of Arthritis in Dogs?

Your dog can't tell you they're in pain, but their appearance and behaviour speak volumes. That's why it's vital to pay close attention to things like their body language, movements, and activity levels.

Here's a quick overview of some of the most common physical and behavioural symptoms of dog arthritis:

Physical Signs

• Lameness or limping.

If you notice lameness (difficulty walking, difficulty getting up or limping) particularly after your dog has been exercising or lying down, it could be a sign of arthritis pain.

• Changes in gait.

Changes in the way your dog walks or moves their body could also indicate arthritis. Keep an eye out for stiff, stilted movement or an unusual stance.

• Muscle wastage.

Dogs with arthritis tend to exercise less, which can lead to muscle wastage. When viewed from above, their legs may appear skinny with protruding bones. Muscle wastage can also lead to wobbling or collapse when dogs are unable to support their weight.

• Weight gain.

Another unfortunate side effect of decreased mobility and lack of exercise is excess weight gain. This can lead to inflammation and extra pressure on the joints. Combined with muscle wastage, it creates a vicious cycle of arthritis pain and immobility.

Behavioural Signs

• Lack of energy and reluctance to exercise.

If your dog lacks energy and resists playing or going for walks, it could be caused by arthritis pain. This is especially noticeable in dogs that were once very energetic and active.

• Reduced exercise capacity or intensity.

Dogs with arthritis pain may attempt to exercise, but quickly become tired. Look for signs of fatigue like increased panting, difficulty keeping up, or lying down more often.

• Struggling to stand up or sit down.

These movements can be difficult and painful for dogs with arthritis, so look for signs of discomfort when your dog is standing up or sitting down.

• Sitting in unusual positions or preferring certain surfaces.

Dogs with arthritis pain may try to relieve pressure on their joints by sitting in unusual positions or on soft surfaces like pillows and blankets.

• Difficulties with stairs and jumping.

Going up and down stairs or jumping on and off furniture can be a real challenge for dogs with arthritis. Look for signs of difficulty or reluctance when performing these activities.

• Accidents inside the house.

If your dog starts to have accidents in the house more frequently, arthritis could be the cause. Pain and mobility issues can make it difficult for them to get outside in time.

• Reduced playfulness and excitement.

Arthritis pain can cause dogs to lose interest in activities they used to enjoy. Being aware of behavioural changes like reduced enthusiasm or playfulness can help you identify the problem.

• Nervousness, anxiety, or aggression.

Pain and discomfort can lead to changes in behaviour, and some dogs will appear nervous or anxious especially around young children. Others may even become aggressive – especially if you accidentally touch a sore spot.

How can I help my dog with arthritis?

Now that we've looked at the signs of arthritis in dogs, let's explore how you can help your canine companion. Of course, the first thing to do is take your dog to the vet if you notice any potential signs of arthritis. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination to rule out other issues and help them make an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostic tests may include examination of the way your pet walks, range of motion tests and x-rays of their joints.

The good news is that there are plenty of treatment options available for arthritis pain paired with weight loss, supplements, and lifestyle changes. Controlled exercise and physiotherapy can also be very beneficial, as it helps to promote healthy movement and reduce pain in arthritic joints.

In addition, your vet may recommend specific diets or supplements, exercise modifications, or weight management programs. If your dog's arthritis is more advanced or they're having a lot of trouble moving around, hydrotherapy (performing exercises in water) can also be a great option.

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to help improve your dog's mobility. Your vet will be able to discuss these options in depth and help you decide on the best course of action.

Remember, the earlier arthritis is identified and treatment is started, the better chance your dog has of remaining active and pain-free for longer. If you suspect that your dog has arthritis, use our handy checklist to identify activities and behaviours that may be signs of the condition. You should also make sure to visit your vet as soon as possible so your dog can be properly diagnosed and treated. You can show your vet your results of the checklist to help them understand the signs of arthritis you've noticed.